Implication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Implication - Essay Example We then proceed to the f test. In this instance, we are terming two hypotheses. The null hypothesis is that the other brand will be referred to LIDL breakfast bread and Kellogg breakfast bread. We test this null hypothesis against an alternative hypothesis. In this instance the alternative hypothesis is that irrespective of the addition of a new brand of breakfast bread into the market, many consumers stay loyal and prefer to purchase LIDL and Kellogg breakfast breads. The scenario can be presented as follows: The computed F value is 5.004. This f value is compared to the tabulated f value at 3 and 156 degrees of freedom that are the regression and residual sums of squares. Indeed, the computed f value is greater than the tabulated f value at the r=0.05 level of significance. This means that at the r=0.05 level of significance; we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that irrespective of new additions to the market, LIDL and Kellogg bread remain most popular. This is affirmed by the t-test that concludes that Kellogg and LIDL breakfast breads are good value for money and that they are reasonably priced. The two hypotheses being tested are that a new bread of the same quality as Kellogg and LIDL would not be preferred to an alternative a new bread with the same features as LIDL and Kellogg would be preferred. This can be presented as follows: At the r=0.05 level of significance, f tabulated is greater than f computed hence we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that LIDL and Kellogg breakfast bread perform consistently irrespective of new additions to the

Aggression and violent behaviour Essay Example for Free

Aggression and violent behaviour Essay The media of video and computer games is a phenomenon, which has developed rapidly since its first incarnations of simple graphical games, to todays 3D rendered worlds which players are able to inhabit and explore as they wish. The gaming culture which has followed plays an integral part in contemporary society not just for the youth market but also for many adults, as a gateway to escape their everyday lives and express themselves within a gaming environment. This is the new media format much like television and radio with their introduction into the mainstream, the need to study and explore the implications has attracted scholars, and businesss to explore this new media, attempting to understand its effects on contemporary society. The amount of money and time spent by consumers on these game platforms and software has pushed them to the front of the entertainment market place, with several multinational companies vying for market dominance within this expanding industry (Calvert 2002). The research into violent video games and post play aggression is one of the key study points for this media source. The idea of played aggression transferring into real world situations generates a moral panic within society, and so researches are keen to discover any links with play and real life aggression or to dispel the fears of the public which have been scare mongered by the mass media. Moral panics such as video nasties are similar to the notion of game panics, both are especially aimed at young children for whom society deems to be susceptible and vulnerable to impressions from the mass media, and in this essays case their exposure to violent video games. The key to the difference with the notion of game panics is the interactivity between the player and the game mechanics, the player is able to decide what happens within the game as long as its within the game boundaries, for violent games this includes the abundance of killing computer generated characters, and this is the concern of the parents and oppositions to the graphic games available. Recent events such as the school shootings in Columbine, America have led to increased magnification on the topic and therefore more studies are being conducted trying to theorise a link between play and post play. The main research within the gaming context on violence and aggression is aimed towards the effects playing these games has on children. Jeanne B Funks writing on children and violent video games highlights these concerns. She explores the notion that children are high risk players, and after playing the video games they become desensitised to violence, and deviant behaviour within the society that they belong. Funk doesnt place a total blame on the games however as she draws on research into pre existing problems within the Childs personality developed within the environment and social surrounding which the child has grown up in, stating that playing these games could lead to the increased development of these problems. Dave Grossman, a US military trainer on the realities of war has a much different perspective to the debate on video games and aggression. He states that the continued playing of the game conditions and trains the youthful player into a killing machine, perfectly honed to kill on sight without a thought for the consequences. He develops the argument of Acquired Violence Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AVIDS), liking the disorder to the virus Aids. The disease doesnt kill you but simple destroys your immune system (Grossman). Arguing that the use of violent video games simple desensitises players, trains them to kill (stimulus response) with no thought for the repercussions of their actions. These two studies outline two different ideas on the argument of video games and aggression, but neither conducted first hand testing of the hypothesis of post play aggression. A frequently cited paper that presents evidence supporting the claim that violence in video games leads to violence in real life is: Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviour in the Laboratory and in Life by Craig A. Anderson, Karen E. Dill. The research draws up the hypothesis of General Affective Aggression Model (GAAM). The model included both existing research on human learning and expression and research into media violence effects. The study consisted of two separate tests, a real life test and a laboratory-based test on game players to analyse a link between game play and post play behaviour. Goldstein disputes the merits of laboratory tests on the basis that they are floored due to the subject not playing the game but merely doing as they are told, so the same feelings, and experiences are different to those when the subject is truly playing the game in the comfort of their own home, with individual aims to achieve. The findings of the Anderson and Dill study supported the GAAM model in that post play aggression was evident. This is one of the few studies which have been conducted with any credibility on the topic of game panics, yet the topic is still wide open due to the lack of empirical research for which solid conclusions on the links between play and post play can be drawn. Freedman states that the lack of experimental research is fundamental in not being able to draw a clear link. He states that the demand factor, where the subject believes he has to react in a certain way and the ability to measure post play aggression are two factors which have thus far underlined the research in to video games and violent behaviour. These problems could be rectified by the increased proportion of studies, of by the drawing up of a new study method designed specifically for the examination of video games and not one which has been used to monitor other forms of media and post exposure behaviour. The existing research available on the topic of post play aggression is extremely limited with few pieces able to be seen as complete and giving a total answer to the questions answered. The idea that competitiveness within a game is equally to blame, as violent content needs to be explored as the arousal experienced from winning or losing a competition such as a sports simulation can increase the adrenaline within the body causing an outburst of violence (Fienberg 2002). Similarly the link needs to be addressed that not everyone who plays violent games will go out and kill people and so the link between characteristics innate to the individual are to blame for more severe violent acts and the video games at the moment are being lined up as scapegoats for individuals actions and more research needs to be conducted on the subject. Bibliography 1. Anderson, D.A. Dill, K . E. (2000) Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the laboratory and in life [online]. Washington: APA Journals. Available from http://www. apa. org/journals/psp/psp784772. html [Accessed 20/10/03]. 2. Funk, J. B. (2001) Children and violent video games: Are there high-risk players? [Online]. Chicago: Playing by the rules conference. Available from  http://culturalpolicy.uchicago.edu/

The role of human resource management (HRM) in Australian-Malaysian joint ventures

The role of human resource management (HRM) in Australian-Malaysian joint ventures As is stated in the article The role of human resource management (HRM) in Australian-Malaysian joint ventures by Gladys Cheah-Liaw, Stanley Petzall and Chris Selvarajah, the two human resource management issues that was agreed in the article are the staffing policies in term of compensation plan and the cultural differences issue thats mostly discussed in the article. Compensation gap has become the issue between the host country nationals and parent country nationals. Besides that, joint ventures between Australia and Malaysia have that gathering two differing cultures has be one of the challenge for human resource management to overcome if wanted to be success in joint ventures. Arguable issue always occur about the compensation gaps between host country nationals (HCNs) and parent country nationals (PCNs). As stated in the article, PCN on an international assignment would have a higher level of compensation then a HCN or a third-country nationals (TCNs) doing the same job and this cause HCN and TNC react negatively (Gladys et al., 2003). However, not adapting pay scales to local market can present human resource manager with more problems then it solve. The fact is that it can be extremely more expensive to live in some countries like UK than other like Malaysia, and if these cost of living differences arent considered, it may be most impossible to get managers to take high cost assignment. One international compensation trend of growing importance concerns the awarding of long-term incentive pay to overseas managers. Nowadays, a lot multinational are finding to formulate new long-term incentives specifically for overseas executives. Thus, joint ventures sh ould devising performance-based long term incentive plans that tied more closely to performance at the subsidiary level. These can help build a sense of ownership among key local managers while providing the financial incentives needed attract and keep the people we need overseas. The second issue as is agreed in the article is about the cultural differences. As joint ventures involve of employees from different background, human resource manager must be aware of cultural traditions and practices in the nations they are operating in. Unawareness of such things often causes offence to potential overseas business partners and customers. This is one of the factors needed to be attentive. Understanding the national culture can be vital. National culture refers to the attitude and perspectives shared by the people of a specific nation or cultural group that shape their behaviour and the way they see the world. There is wide ranging cultural and ethnic differences from country to country which demand corresponding differences in personnel practices among joint ventures. A high degree of sensitivity and empathy for cultural and attitudinal demand of employees is always important when selecting employees to staff overseas operations. However, such sensitivity is espec ially important when the job is human resource management and the work involves all labour force. Is important also for human resource department that shares the employees cultural background is most likely to be sensitive to the employees needs and expectation in the work place and its thus more likely to manage successful join venture. In summary, human resource management in joint ventures played an important role in overcoming all the issues that might cause failure to the joint ventures development. Question 5 What was the pattern of HRM practices for successful joint ventures? Explain it accordingly to the phase of join ventures development. The pattern of human resource management practices or successful joint ventures is whereby human resource management can fit with the organizations stage of development in joint venture. Each stage of development needs human resource management to adjust the firm accordingly with the different stage. The five organization stage was initiation, functional growth, controlled growth, functional integration and strategic integration. In the initiation stage, joint ventures should had operates for one to three years. In this stage, human resource practice was taken from the parent company. Employment in the initiation stage was said ethnocentric have been taken place which have their own management control and particularly use all capable managers for joint venture. By succeed in the initiation stage, human resource management need to lay emphasis on training, appraisals and aware of compensation for the employees to be in line with the host country. However, the cultural differences issue whereby human resource management need to attentive on it. In transition stage, joint ventures are mainly controlled by a parent country and focusing in the mechanized sector. Transition stage was said to be put up with local demand and is in polycentric perspective, like joint venture was managed by host country nationals. In this stage, training and development was intend to improve current and future employees performance by enlarge employees ability in achieve goal. Compensation was needed to be restructure to retain talented employees as if is due to the labour shortage. In this stage, cultural differences issue was not that critical as employees were monitored to work together and improve by communication. And lastly, joint ventures was said to be greatly successful if reached the maturation stage. They said to be aware of adopting the best practices and be competitive in the universal market. Employment was said to be geocentric which by using the best approach around the world and forces managers to take a wider, global view of operations. Training in this stage was still in improving their efficiency and effectiveness. And the compensation needs to be reorganizing by following the Hire Worldwide Remuneration Consultants (HAY) system for the organizational levels. Cultural differences challenge was said to be solve out and creating a successful diversity workforce. In short, every stage of the successful joint venture development is still on the purpose of getting the job done. As the joint venture development stage can be accomplish stage by stage, join ventures is said to be greatly successful. Question 6 Do you opine that your employers or the organization where you are familiar with has same HRM practices patterns as the organizations highlighted in the article? Discuss your answer. On year 1997, Malaysia Airlines (MAS) and General Electric Company of the United States (GE) have signed an agreement to shape a joint venture after a year of signed a Memorandum of Understanding for a joint venture which MAs and GE will joint together to form a Centre of Excellence in engine repair at Malaysia, The Aero Centre facility in Subang. The plan of joint ventures between GE and MAS in opening the Aero Centre of Excellence is to provide service and repair of to the aircraft engine to Asia Pacific customer which last time use to service in the United States and Europe. As stated in the Press Centre of GE, the joint venture is significant for the country, company and customers. GE is one of the world largest high-technological and blue chip company which joint venture with Malaysia Airlines. In this joint venture, Malaysia gain benefits in upgrading its present aerospace technological capacity, able Malaysia to develop indigenous technology and lead to becoming an aerospace hub. As stated by Tan Sri Tajudin Ramil, the chairman of MAS, this joint venture have bring advantages to MAS through upgrade the navy support and improved skill and productivity. MAS employees also gain benefits from the advance training in leading-edge technology for GE, the world class company. The president of GE Engine Services Inc. affirmed that through CE investment, and joint with MAS, they intend to make Kuala Lumpur the first-class shop operation that will drive future growth. In the joint venture, Malaysia Airlines able to carry to the undertaking a state-of-art facility and a trained workforce. As Aero Centre of Excellence in Malaysia which was the joint ventures between GE and MAS has gain profitability through growth, this joint ventures is to be said as successful just like stated in the article of The role of human resource management (HRM) in Australian-Malaysian joint ventures which involved with the pattern of human resource management practices for successful joint ventures. The successful joint venture development consists of 3 main stages which is initiation, transition and maturation. In the initiation stage, GE from U.S had started to assemble their own human resource policies and practices which included local demands. This was be said as ethnocentric whereby is the parochial belief that the best work practices and approaches are those of the home nation. The advantaged of ethnocentric are the organization will have simple structure and managers can implement closer control. However, theres still disadvantages in this view whereby that decision-making may be le ss effective. There is no flexibility for employees working in foreign locations and there will be difficulties in building good business relationships in the host nation. Due to the shortage of labor, they cant choose the people they want. So, training is needed in this stage and basic compensation was needed to be structured as the principle of the host country. In this stage, cultural issue will be the issue and challenges as human resource department needed to overcome the diversity problems. In the stage of transitional, human resource practices hold to local demand. This stage was polycentric perspective which , this is the view that managers in the overseas, host nation know the best work practices for running operations in that nation. The advantages are that the managers working in the overseas operation will have extensive knowledge of how best to run the workplace and meet market demand. Local managers are likely to be more committed and have higher morale than managers imported from the home country. Also the host government is more likely to provide support. The disadvantages are that duplication of work efforts and facilities in both the home nation and foreign host nation leads to inefficiencies and ineffective use of resources. It is also difficult to maintain a single focus on global objectives as operations in each nation concentrate on their own operations. In this stage, career development for staff is to be organized to improve the productivity. Compensat ion in this stage need to be restructured to retain the potential workers. However, the cultural differences issue has been reduced in this stage. And lastly, when reach the maturation stage, geocentric perspective was taken place whereby global-oriented view focusing on finding and using the best approaches from around the world. The advantages of this view are that it forces managers to take a wider, global view of operations. As in this stage, joint venture was said to be greatly successful which had managed cultural diversity. As GE and MAS was recently successful in the joint venture, they should have overcome all the stages and apply the human resource practice effectively and efficiently to be success in the diversity environment. GE and MAS was working greatly together with the profit that reached $ 1 billion last year. This is because, Aero Centre of Excellence in Malaysia which is joint venture between GE and MAS has overcome all the problems and challenges that occur on the joint venture development, especially the working environment that full of cultural differences. Question 7 Explain two human resource problems experienced by your employer of the organization where you are familiar with and to strategies for overcoming the problems. The two human resource problems experienced by my employer of the organization are the compensation and cultural differences. Compensation and retaining workers have always be the problems to human resource management because employees always not satisfy with the salary and benefits that been given by the employers. Developing a pay plan that is internally and externally equitable is no less important in a small firm or large firm. Besides the compensation problems, managing diversity workforce also be a problem to employer as Malaysia is a mixture country with different of race, religion and so on. Everyone have their own backgrounds which lead to the different thinking compare with others. To keep organization still that competitive, human resource problem needed to be solve out before it get worse. Employee compensation means all forms of pay or rewards going to employees and arising from their employment. Everyone knows that people have many needs, and some which can be satisfied directly with money. As every employee always as for a better life, they expect employers will provide them with satisfied salary just to retain them. Some employees always compare their salary with others. If salary was lower than their colleague, they will just go search for another job might increase the job turnover. In such case, employer should have policies on compensation-related method. Human resource manager need to ensure why the amount of salary among employees is is different and employees need to understand the reason to reduce conflict that might happen in organization. Employers should develop a workable pay plan by conducting a wage survey which collects the information about the job and set a base salary that deserve to receive by the employees. It can be easier also in structure the compensation plan if split employees into three group to managerial, clerical and plant personnel. For each of the three groups, determine the compensable factors to be evaluated and then rank or assign points to each job based on the job evaluation. For each class of jobs, employers should create a pay range. Besides this, employers also can provide reward to employees that attaining companys goal. This was not only can motivate employees but also keep them getting the job done, just to get the reward. Reward also can be a way in retaining potential worker. Capability workers will always surrounded by head-hunter and intellectual employees will just leave the organization if other company can provide better benefit package to them. Not all employees asking for money to satisfy their need but some may ask for achievement, affiliation, power or self-actualization. Yet, even with job enrichment can be a modern motivation technique. Besides that, to retain worker, non-monetary reward like vacations and holiday, sick leave, annual leave and so on can help in retaining potential workers. For employees that attaining organization goal, employers can reward them with promotion or paid vacation as a reward. Employees will somehow work hard just to get the reward offered by employers. Cultural factor have been generally be a problem to human resource. As Malaysia was known as rich of different cultural, most of the company in Malaysia was facing the same problem which is workforce diversity. To overcome this problem, employers can increase relationship between employees by regular meeting. Training also needs to be providing to employees in how to communicate efficiently to reduce conflict in the workforce. Besides that, employers can use teamwork to build relationship between employees while completing their task. In teamwork, sharing will be more to be occur and this can make employees understand each other more. Employers should encourage idea sharing among employees, just to make them discuss more and build relationship without knowing. This kind of method not only can help in diversity labor force but also can come up with new ideas and improve the productivity in the organization. In short, every company has their own human resource problem as is important for employers to apply strategies that is effectiveness and efficiency. Retaining workers has mostly been the problems faced by most of the organization and compensation needs to be structured carefully to avoid from any turnover. Cultural differences are something Malaysian companies can avoid from as Malaysia is a multi-cultural country. To cut down the problems in cultural differences, human resource need to solve out the diversity labor force by monitoring and liaison employees with each other.

Timeline 1945-1964 :: essays research papers

1945 Ho Chi Minh and his People's Congress create the National Liberation Committee of Vietnam to form a provisional government following the surrender of Japan to Allied forces and Japan transfers all power to Ho's Vietminh. President Roosevelt dies Making good on his threat to unleash "...a rain of ruin the like of which has never been seen on earth...," President Harry Truman authorizes the dropping of two atomic bombs on Japan -- one on Hiroshima on August 6, and a second on Nagasaki on August 9. The Japanese surrender. Ho Declares Independence of Vietnam. British Forces Land in Saigon, Return Authority to French.1946 France recognizes Vietnam as a "free state" within the French Union. French troops replace Chinese in the North. Negotiations Between French and Vietminh Breakdown. Indochina War begins. 1947 Vietminh move north of Hanoi. Marshall Plan announced. French General Etienne Valluy attempts, and fails, to wipe out the Vietminh in one stroke. 1949 Bao Dai and President Vincent Auriol of France sign the Elysee Agreement. As part of the agreement the French pledge to assist in the building of a national anti-Communist army. NATO formed. Volkswagen introduced in US. 1950 Chinese and Soviets offer Weapons to Vietminh. Record heist in Brink's robbery. When Communist forces from North Korea invade the Republic of South Korea on June 25, President Truman appeals to the United Nations to take action. The UN quickly brands North Korea the aggressor, and Truman follows up by sending US air and naval support to Korea immediately thereafter. The United States sends $15 million dollars in military aid to the French for the war in Indochina. Included in the aid package is a military mission and military advisors. 1951 Ho Chi Minh creates Workers' Party. Truman dismisses General Douglas MacArthur . Worst floods in US History inundate Kansas and Missouri. 1953 France grants Laos full independence. Rosenbergs executed for Espionage. Vietminh forces push into Laos. 1954 A force of 40,000 heavily armed Vietminh lay siege to the French garrison at Dienbienphu. Using Chinese artillery to shell the airstrip, the Vietminh make it impossible for French supplies to arrive by air. It soon becomes clear that the French have met their match. Supreme Court rules on Brown v. Board of Education. Responding to the defeat of the French by the Vietminh at Dienbienphu, President Eisenhower outlines the Domino Theory: "You have a row of dominoes set up.

Weapons and Personal Protective Equipment

When protecting individuals from others that may wish to do them harm, kidnap them, or just be near them because they think that the person he or she is stalking is theirs in some way it is important to protect oneself first. In today’s world of popularity of movie stars and political figures it has become more increasingly important for those individuals to hire personal protective agents. For an agent to do the best job that they can they must first protect him or herself or he or she will not be able to protect his or her client. The use of personal protective equipment and weapons has become more popular then it was in the past. Personal protection agents must worry about the use of weapons, personal protection equipment, and the use of force so they can protect themselves and their client to the fullest. Weapons When protecting someone from would be attackers or those that wish to harm the client the use of weapons may be necessary. Many different types of weapons are available for agents to use. Non-lethal weapons like tasers, stun guns, pepper spray, bean bag guns, and rubber bullets. These weapons are all designed to slow down the individual and allow the agent to take control of the situation by restraining the attacker. Non-lethal weapons are designed to allow the agent to resolve a dangerous situation. The use of non-lethal weapons by personal protection agents can de-escalate a situation in which, greater force may have been used. Not all situations can be resolved by the use of non-lethal weapons. In the situations that require an agent to carry a gun or a lethal weapon the agent must first receive the proper training on the use of the weapon. Each state has different guidelines on the use of firearms and restrictions of who can possess a firearm. When the agent becomes fully trained in the use of a firearm and obtains the proper permits and licensing the agent protects his or her self from many civil liabilities. When an agent has been properly trained this will help to eliminate any unnecessary accidents. Proper training will allow the agent to assess the situation entirely before he or she discharges a weapon and injures an innocent by-stander. Weapons will allow the agent to fully protect him or herself, and give him or her capability to protect his or her principal to the fullest. When a dangerous situation arises a protection agent must be ready to do whatever it takes to keep his or her principal safe. By arming themselves with either non-lethal or lethal weapons they can ensure that the principal is well protected. Personal Protection Equipment According to a 1997 Bureau of Justice Statistics survey of 700 state and local law enforcement agencies with 100 or more officers, approximately 40% of sheriff's and municipal police departments, and 25% of state and country police departments require all field officers to wear body armor, compared to slightly less than 30% in the same survey conducted in 1993 (Body Armor, 2009). The top five threats that face police officers and protection agents are blunt trauma, hypodermic needles, knives, bullets, and homemade and pointed weapons. Along with weapons agents must also protect themselves with life-saving equipment. The use of bullet-proof vests and body armor will help the agent to prevent him or herself from being fatally shot while on duty. By requiring the principal wear a vest also this will increase the survival of the principal. The use of body armor will help to defuse a potentially fatal situation. It is important for agents to remember that the decision to choose a protective equipment item should not be because it is comfortable or it looks good on him or her. The choice of protective gear should be based on the level of threats that may be present. The higher the threat level the stronger the protective gear. If it may be a fatal situation, then the agent should choose full body armor. This decision should also apply to the person who is under protection. Not all people that are being protected will require the use of such drastic equipment but by using other equipment can decrease their vulnerability. Use of Force The use of force has always been a questionable tactic in law enforcement and security fields. Everyone always questions how much force is needed, was the force justifiable and could the officer have done something differently to deter the use of force. By teaching officers and protection agents what is the appropriate level of force and in what situations force can be stronger will help to prevent unnecessary questioning by the public and the media. Most agencies have guidelines and policies that outline the use of force. These guidelines describe the escalating continuum that is appropriate for officers and agents to use. The use of force continuum is designed into five separate levels. Level one is the simple presence of an officer or agent. The agent is non-threatening and professional, and the mere presence of the agent is to act as deterrence for an attacker. Level two is the verbalization level. This is when an agent uses verbal commands such as please step back, stop, or do not move to make the individual to stop his or her approach. This is a non-physical stage and is used to let the attacker know that there is someone present to stop him or her if he or she continues. Level three is the empty hand technique. Officers or agents use two types of empty hand techniques. The first is a soft empty hand technique and is the use of grabs, holds, and joint locks to restrain the individual. The second is hard empty hand techniques and the agent uses punches or kicks to subdue the attacker. This step is used when the attacker is noncompliant to the first two levels of the continuum. This level is also used in conjunction with level two, the use of verbal commands such as stop or I will have to restrain you. Level four is the use of less than lethal methods. This level is broke down into three sections. The first is blunt impact, the use of a baton or a projectile to immobilize the individual. The second is the use of chemicals. These can include pepper spray, mace, tear gas, or other chemical sprays that are used to immobilize the attacker. The third type of less than lethal force is the use of conducted energy devices. Officers or agents may use CEDs to immobilize an individual. CEDs discharge a high-voltage, low-amperage jolt of electricity at a distance (U. S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs, 2009). The final level of the use of force continuum is lethal force. This is the final choice among agents and officers. Lethal force is only used when all the other levels have been exhausted and the agent or officer is left with no other choice then to use lethal force. It should only be used if the suspect poses a serious threat to the agent or the principal. The use of force must be justified in any case and the agent must be able to clearly state why he or she believed the level of force that was used was needed. In no circumstances should an agent use force if there is no reason for its use. When confronted by a situation, it is not uncommon for an agent of officer to move from one level to the next of the continuum within a matter of seconds. Situations can escalate from non-threatening and not serious to lethal within seconds. It is all on how the situation is dealt with and how determined the individual who is posing the threat is to escalate the situation. Summary Whenever an agent is assigned to a protective detail, it is important for them to make sure that they assess the situation for every aspect that is needed to determine the level of protection for his or her principal. When protecting individuals, it is important to remember that every aspect of the detail is assessed and that the agent communicates fully with his or her team. This will allow the agent and others involved to make sure that there will be no surprises and that he or she are ready for anything that may happen. Agents can never underestimate their potential adversaries. If they do they may not be fully prepared for what is about to happen. They must also protect themselves with weapons and personal protection equipment so that they are not harmed. This will help to increase the success of the assignment and will ensure that the principal is well guarded. Agents must also be trained and knowledgeable in the use of force continuum. This will keep them from committing a needless mistake while protecting their principal. By being fully trained and completely prepared for assignments personal protection agents can do their job better and give their principal the opportunity to relax with the knowledge that they are fully protected no matter what may arise.

An Evaluation of the Relevance and Utility of Lean Manufacturing Approach to the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain The WritePass Journal

An Evaluation of the Relevance and Utility of Lean Manufacturing Approach to the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Introduction An Evaluation of the Relevance and Utility of Lean Manufacturing Approach to the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain : 113), the principles of Lean manufacturing are â€Å"customer value, value stream analysis, demand pull, continuous flow, and waste elimination.†   The purpose of a Lean supply chain network is to bring the lowest cost in differential customer value, which can be met through collaborative priorities in demand, real-time information on markets, and logistics delivery efficiencies, to name a few. The concept of networks of supply chain partners suggests that the success of companies is through their constant origination from new networks of supply chain partners in order to meet certain objectives. As a general rule, these constantly developing networks can act in response to the dynamic characteristic of customer demand (Sople 2012). The manufacturing function must not be the only domain to which Lean principles must be applied. Rather, it must also be applied across organisations in the supply chain to decrease the wastes usually associated with supply chain operations. Th e full benefit of Lean manufacturing and supply chain management necessitates that the scope of Lean implementations must go beyond a single function and must be structured as a part of managing relationships with customers and suppliers (Lambert 2008). It may therefore be analysed that with the adoption of Lean techniques, the management is tasked to align corporate activities with Lean manufacturing in supply chain management across organisational functions. Lean thinking also allows the organisation to direct business relationships with customers and suppliers. Application of Lean Principles Lean thinking is apparently applicable to pharmaceutical development and manufacturing (Wigglesworth and Wood, 2012). Lambert (2008) states that whilst the various material flows as well as flows of goods and information are the focus of Lean supply chain operations, Lean application to the management of supply chains is further from the physical flows of inventory. It also takes account of the entirety of the business relationship amongst firms. When a firm applies Lean manufacturing concepts to its supply chain management, it begins to focus on value drivers; revenue development; asset efficiency, and reductions in cost, inventory, and working capital. All of these are apparently beneficial to an organisation. Applying Lean thinking to supply chain management is very likely since both of them share commonalities, such as long-term perspectives, value and customer creation; systems view; and structured business relationships;   Ã‚  amongst others (Lambert 2008). These commonalities indicate how much Lean thinking and supply chain management lend to each other. Based on this, one can conclude that Lean approaches are aligned to supply chain management and that the two are generally not in contrast with each other. Potential advantages of Lean approach to managing quality and efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry One of the potential advantages of Lean approach in the pharmaceutical industry is the reduction of cost of goods in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing. The implementation of Lean thinking can be carried out by developing workflows and infrastructures to reduce inventories (Ende 2011), which are in fact a target of quality and efficiency efforts within pharmaceutical companies. The concept of continuous manufacturing in pharmaceutical companies deals with the challenge of overproduction, which leads to surplus inventory and longer cycle teams. These are the focus of efficiency on which pharmaceutical companies must be engaged. Its significance is seen in the fact that   excess inventory is considered the greatest waste because it brings upon itself certain costs related to the management, storage, and transport of inventories adding to the waste (Schneider 2010). Therefore, when Lean techniques are used, such wastes are reduced, if not totally eliminated within the pharma ceutical firm. Novartis and H. Lundbeck case studies Novartis is one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical firms (Abreau 2013). The upstream part of its supply chain indicates flow of information and full visibility. Novartis uses product-to-demand technique based on demand, whereby its daily variable demand stream is integrated to production (AMR Research 2006). Between its levels of supply chain are limited visibility and flow of information (Abreau 2013). Despite being ranked number 2 behind Pfizer in cost of goods sold in 2006, Novartis decided to take on Lean principles and become the â€Å"Toyota of pharmaceuticals.† Using Lean principles, the company is focused on reducing its cycle time to 70 per cent and reducing spending by 40 per cent, as well as pursuing continuous manufacturing with raw materials going in one end of the chain and finished products coming out the other (AMR Research 2007). Along with this is the reengineering of every process and role, leveraging information technology, and setting up process-oriented teams in the absence of first-line supervisors so that personnel would report directly to one team leader (Shanley 2004). Here, one can see the application of Lean techniques to Novartis’ supply chain, thereby helping the company to improve its internal processes and eliminate waste. Lundbeck, on the other hand, is an international pharmaceutical firm that began its Lean adoption in 2005. The company went through certain phases in its Lean adoption, such as building consensus in the management group and running a range of Lean events and building a culture around these events. In the first phase, Lundbeck implemented 40 Lean events assisted by external experts, followed by 70 to 80 Lean events each year, with all personnel in the supply chain being involved (Simpler Consulting 2010). Through its adoption of Lean principles in its supply chain, the company was able to cut costs by 25 per cent. Workflow analysis within the organisation is also aided by video cameras, which leads to further improvements. Part of its Lean techniques adoption is the use of large bags instead of small box packaging, which reduced production delays from four hours to only an hour (Miller 2012). Is Lean appropriate to the pharmaceutical supply chain? Yes, Lean techniques are appropriate to the pharmaceutical supply chain. Despite Lean thinking’s origination from Toyota manufacturing, its adoption is still suitable to the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, its applicability is seen in the number of pharmaceutical companies that continue to adopt Lean manufacturing techniques. Although many of these techniques cannot be taken on to the more complex pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, their adoption mirrors the pursuit of increased optimisation (Shanley 200). Boyer and Verma (2010) surmise that whilst the original focus of developing Lean thinking is the manufacture of automobiles, it can still be applied to other industries. This is because Lean approach is more than a set of techniques but is a mindset for all personnel and managers who are focused on waste elimination and reduction of variability in the entirety of the business process. The advantage of Lean’s adoption in the pharmaceutical industry is the ability of pharmaceutical companies to experience logical rhythm through the supply chain. With the Lean enterprise, adaptive supply chain is carried out, causing the whole organisation to possess real-time process visualisation (Hafeli 2006).    Argument for agility in the pharmaceutical supply chain Pharmaceutical companies are inclined to be bureaucratic, which results in several wastes in internal processes. With the application of Lean principles, pharmaceutical companies are able to strengthen their relative agility (Radeka 2013).   This would mean that despite the relative limitation of the application of Lean principles in the pharmaceutical supply chain as pointed by WCI Consulting Limited (2011), the result is still improved agility in the supply chain. Apparently, the need for agility in supply chain management is founded on decreasing product life cycles and demand patterns of increasingly volatile markets. Sweeney (2009) points out that Lean is not enough, that agility in supply chain is required because of emphasis on speed, with time being a major competitive weapon. This argument is reasonable given the rapidly changing market in which pharmaceutical companies operate. However, as emphasised above, Lean thinking is also applicable to the pharmaceutical industry. An argument arising about the adoption of Lean thinking in the pharmaceutical industry is the risk that goes with it. Such adoption is said to put the supply chain to increased vulnerability to disruptions and unpredictable events due to lack of slack on which to withdraw. With Lean techniques making the supply chain vulnerable, a question that may come up is whether this would mean Lean is not suitable at all. The answer is pharmaceutical companies can apply Lean techniques to cut costs and adopt agility in order to obtain supply chain resilience, as pointed out by WCI Consulting Limited (2011).    Conclusion This paper provides a critical analysis of the relevance and utility of Lean techniques in the pharmaceutical supply chain. Lean thinking allows the elimination of wastes and cost reduction in pharmaceutical companies. Lean supply chain considers the entirety of the business relationship amongst firms. Reduced costs of goods and reduced inventories are the potential advantages of Lean approach in the pharmaceutical industry. Novartis and Lundbeck case studies provide an example where Lean techniques and supply chain management become integrated. Despite the effectiveness of agility in supply chain management, Lean cannot be set aside as a valuable tool.                      References Abreau, P. E. M. (2013) An ANP Model to Support Decision-Making in a Portuguese Pharmaceutical Supply Chain. Reterived on March 22, 2014 from http://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/10724/1/Abreu_2013.pdf AMR Research (2006) Supply Chain Saves the World. US: AMR Research, Inc. AMR Research (2007) Risk!: Navigating an Uncertain World. US: AMR Research Inc. Boyer, K. and Verma, R. (2010) Operations and Supply Chain Management for the 21st Century. First Edition. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Ende, D. J. (2011) Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry: RD to Manufacturing. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Hafeli, R. (2006) Enabling Lean and Compliant Manufacturing at Novartis with SAP. Denver: SAP Adaptive Manufacturing Summit, September 28. Lambert, D. M. (2008) Supply Chain Management: Processes, Partnerships, Performance. Sarasota, FL: Supply Chain Management Institute. Miller, G. (2012) Lean Earns Lundbeck Big Prize, Cost Cuts. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from fiercepharmamanufacturing.com/story/lean-earns-lundbeck-big-prize-cost-cuts/2012-01-18 Radeka, K. (2013) The Mastery of Innovation: A Field Guide to Lean Product Development. NW: CRC Press. Schneider, O. (2010) Adding Enterprise Value: Mitigating Investment Decision Risks by Assessing the Economic Value of Supply Chain Initiatives. Zurich: vdf Hochshulverlag AG Shanley, A. (2004) Novartis Goes Lean. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from pharmamanufacturing.com/articles/2004/111/ Simpler Consulting (2010) Lean Management of the Pharmaceutical Sector Brings Increased Efficiency and Improved Quality While Increasing Profits. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from simpler.com/success-stories/Lundbeck_Case-Study.pdf Sople, V. V. (2012) Supply Chain Management: Text and Cases. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. Sweeney, E. (2009) Lean, Agile and Resilient Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: Jargon or Action? Irish Pharmachem Buyers Guide (September), 38-39. WCI Consulting Limited (2011) Keeping the Supply Chain Agile. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from wcigroup.com/Nostrapharmus/Keeping%20the%20supply%20chain%20agile.pdf Wigglesworth, M. and Wood, T. (2012) Management of Chemical and Biological Samples for Screening Applications. Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag Co.

South Africa vs. Ethiopia essays

South Africa vs. Ethiopia essays Government can be defined as the control and administration of a country or state, and governments differ within each region. Typically, when one thinks of a successful government, one thinks of a democracy in the United States, but few people realize that success doesnt come easy. Many countries, such as South Africa, are modeling, or in most cases being forced to model, their government after the United States. Other countries, such as Ethiopia, are still having troubles finding which government will bring them their success. During the twentieth century, while South Africa met the needs of their people through political parties, ending apartheids, and a newly founded democracy, Ethiopia has struggled to match the same success. South Africa is such a successful country today because of its settlers many years ago. Throughout the seventeenth century, many European sailors passed by South Africa on their way to East Africa and India, however the first European settlers didnt arrive until 1652. Headed by Jon van Riebeeck, the Dutch East India Company was sent to South Africa to set up a base for trading at what is presently known as Cape Town. After the Dutch had settled, they began to offer free passage and land to new settlers in Europe, and brought in Africans as slaves. By 1795, the whites had spread all over and around Cape Town. With a colonial population of about 60,000, and only 20,000 of these being white, the Dutch had already instilled the idea of white power. From 1795 to 1803, and again from 1806 to 1814, the British replaced the Dutch at Cape Town. However, it wasnt until 1820 that Britain colonized South Africa. The Boers, or farmers of Dutch descent, soon came to resent British colonial rule. Britain made certain restrictions, such as making English the colonys only official language in 1828 and the abolishment of slavery in 1833. Because the Boer farmers relied on slaves for ...

Free Essays on Angel Island

Angel Island Angel Island is little far from San Francisco ¡Ã‚ ¦s Fisherman ¡Ã‚ ¦s Wharf. It is a pretty small island in comparison with the mainland, but the history corresponds to this small place is not less then that corresponds to the large mainland in any sense. The view of San Francisco bay from Angel Island is so pleasing and so beautiful. Everyone could see San Francisco city ¡Ã‚ ¦s building and Bay Bridge. The peace of the Island makes people feel so relax and so good too. This feeling, however, must have not been come up immigrants during the time that Angel Island was used as a Gateway to the United States. Compared with the size of Angel Island, the immigration center is in a very small area. It is located along the coast. The number of buildings and the size of barrack are small beyond my expectation, even though not all buildings have remained. Fortunately, volunteers in the museum provided a history tour, which introduced visitors the history of this island in details. The conductor took and showed us several rooms. These rooms are pretty small and just like prison, where all immigrants had to wait for long time until they were allowed to enter the United States mainland. It must have been very uncomfortable for anyone to stay in such a small room for uncountable days and nights while he or she would only have a dream, but not a promising future. I was especially shocked after visiting those so-called  ¡Ã‚ §bathrooms ¡Ã‚ ¨. The bathrooms do not have doors and keeps no privacy at all. All immigrants ¡Ã‚ ¦ lives were observed, not even when they were in the bathroom. They were forced to stay in those rough barracks, and treated, as they were criminals. I could imagine there were so many of them, who have broken their heart in this small island, although they came to the United States with great dreams. They craved a lot of poems on the wall, displaying to every visitor how depressing, how frustrated, and how worrying they were a... Free Essays on Angel Island Free Essays on Angel Island Angel Island Angel Island is little far from San Francisco ¡Ã‚ ¦s Fisherman ¡Ã‚ ¦s Wharf. It is a pretty small island in comparison with the mainland, but the history corresponds to this small place is not less then that corresponds to the large mainland in any sense. The view of San Francisco bay from Angel Island is so pleasing and so beautiful. Everyone could see San Francisco city ¡Ã‚ ¦s building and Bay Bridge. The peace of the Island makes people feel so relax and so good too. This feeling, however, must have not been come up immigrants during the time that Angel Island was used as a Gateway to the United States. Compared with the size of Angel Island, the immigration center is in a very small area. It is located along the coast. The number of buildings and the size of barrack are small beyond my expectation, even though not all buildings have remained. Fortunately, volunteers in the museum provided a history tour, which introduced visitors the history of this island in details. The conductor took and showed us several rooms. These rooms are pretty small and just like prison, where all immigrants had to wait for long time until they were allowed to enter the United States mainland. It must have been very uncomfortable for anyone to stay in such a small room for uncountable days and nights while he or she would only have a dream, but not a promising future. I was especially shocked after visiting those so-called  ¡Ã‚ §bathrooms ¡Ã‚ ¨. The bathrooms do not have doors and keeps no privacy at all. All immigrants ¡Ã‚ ¦ lives were observed, not even when they were in the bathroom. They were forced to stay in those rough barracks, and treated, as they were criminals. I could imagine there were so many of them, who have broken their heart in this small island, although they came to the United States with great dreams. They craved a lot of poems on the wall, displaying to every visitor how depressing, how frustrated, and how worrying they were a...

Innovation in Nursing Education Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Innovation in Nursing Education - Term Paper Example This research highlights that in the 21st century context, nursing operations have become quite significant and complex. With this concern, nurse educators have a vital part to ensure that they are preparing the nurses effectively for future. Nursing education must be modified so as to prepare nurses who can fulfill the upcoming health care requirements. In present days, nurse education requires developing technological understanding besides the nursing talents. Nurses are the forefront users of technology. As technological applications has turned out to be an essential part of patient care, nurses have improved their scope of practice acquiring knowledge and practical experience in the field of using electronic information in education. Technology has transformed the connection between nurses and other health service providers like doctors, physicians, surgeons and so on. The inclusion of technology in nursing education practices can be observed since World War II. Nursing education concerns about the nature and the application of technological devices. In the period of 1870s and 1940s technology had triumphed in nursing practices. During that time, nursing practice was renovated by new technical devices like thermometer, electrocardiograph machine, stethoscope, X-ray and microscope. This enhanced the reliability of medical analysis leading towards the overall betterment of medical treatment and effective relationship between doctors and patients. With respect to the historical perspective, the technology is continuously changing in nursing education and practices. ... In the technological era nurses face significant challenges with respect to learning and employing. Information technology (IT) influences the manner in which nurses are educated and practice patient care. Furthermore, improvements in IT have also become an essential part of development and continuous education in nursing. Nurse educators have begun to employ informatics applications to assist the nurses. For instance, nurse educators can provide instruction through web-oriented sessions combined with discussion sheets and electronic analysis. Nursing students are able to search information through websites. But technology has also raised the issues such as privacy and security in the field of nursing. There are multiple viewpoints with respect to technology advances in nursing education. As the nursing education has changed some believe that technology can lead to new excitement, new ability and higher prospect to develop. But others’ view technology as disturbance or risk fo r nursing practice as maximum use of technology can make the nursing occupation obsolete (Rivers & Et. Al., n.d.). Table of Contents Innovation in Nursing Education 1 Abstract 2 Table of Contents 4 Introduction 5 Literature Review 6 Historical Perspective of Technology in Nursing Education 6 Technological Issues in Nursing Education 8 Issue of Shortage of Educators 9 Safety issue for importing technology 10 Other issues for importing technology in nursing education 11 Discussion 12 Evaluating new frontline 14 Ethical issues in technology 16 Conclusion and recommendation 18 References 21 Introduction Technologies have unlocked several new pathways to assist nurse educators in providing training facilities. The rapid growth of electronic education atmosphere has amplified the

Workplace motivation techniques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Workplace motivation techniques - Research Paper Example Their review also indicated that social recognition improved performance by 17% while feedback improved task performance by only 10%. All three factors when combined improved performance by 45%. Perry and Mesch concluded that feedback combined with social recognition and monetary incentives produced the most desirable effect on performance (Perry and Mesch 505). Perry and Mesch investigated motivational interventions in service and manufacturing industries and found that performance improvements were larger in manufacturing than in service industries (Perry and Mesch 506). While financial, non-financial and social rewards produced the strongest effect in manufacturing organizations, financial reinforcement produced a stronger effect on task performance in service industries. Ventrice in his research on effects of motivational intervention on performance found that financial incentives significantly affected performance quantity but not quality (Ventrice 122). He, however, found that the type of task did not affect the relationship between financial incentives and performance quality. Other researchers found that goal setting and monetary incentives influence performance independently. Perry and Mesch in their work on incentives found that merit pay resulted in positive outcomes especially for individuals but different institutional arrangements affected the feasibility and effectiveness of merit pay (Perry and Mesch para10). They concluded that merit pay was at best moderately effective. Carroll, on the other hand, found that merit and pay-for-performance systems were ineffective in the public sector as they had little positive impact on employee motivation and organizational performance (Carroll 67). He attributed this result to insufficient fund allocation for merit pay and the lack of managerial and organizational characteristics necessary for an effective pay-for-performance

Burns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Burns - Essay Example ly require monitoring that concentrates on the pathophysiology burns, injuries caused as a result of inhalation of smoke and the resultant edema formation (Porth, 2011). The main objectives of burn care are for the restoration of the functionality, form, and feeling to the patient (Sommers and Johnson, 2000). As the nurse in-charge of providing care to a patient with 70% of body burnt, there is certain knowledge that is required for the administration of effective care, one of which is the prevention of complications such as hypothermia and compartment syndromes. In order to offer appropriate care to burnt patient, first, there should be immediate resuscitation to prevent the failure of any organ. Repairs then follow this for the  damaged tissues and the skin (Sommers and Johnson, 2000). Rehabilitation which is important for physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing of the patient is then undertaken (Porth, 2011). Reconstruction of the scars that form from burns can usually lead to functionality impairment, and therefore should always be checked. The use of a ventilator to help in the inhalation process is very effective, considering that the patient had inhaled a significant amount of smoke. On the other side, the use of narcotics and the patient’s immobility increase the patient’s risk factors. Narcotics increase the occurrence of constipation and because the patient is bedridden, and the situation is likely to escalate as lack of mobility increases constipation. It is, therefore, most appropriate that narcotics used is

Testing Analog and Mixed Signal Circuits With Built In Hardware Research Paper

Testing Analog and Mixed Signal Circuits With Built In Hardware - Research Paper Example Before beginning definite manufacturing of high-volume products, the testing, designing, assessment of the prototypes are important. Furthermore, the comprehensive inspection of the manufactured products must be done in order to ensure the availability of high quality and defect free product. Eventually the cost of the product can be minimized by providing the required information during the manufacturing process. The fabrication procedure of the integrated-circuit (IC) comprises doping steps, etching, printing and photolithography. The reason for the collapse of an individual integrated-circuit (IC) is the imperfect steps related to the fabrication process. Above all, the mixed-signal ICs are more responsive towards steps imperfections thus, resulting in low performance of circuits. However, these imperfections are insignificant in the digital - circuit domain but as compared to the mixed-signal circuits, imperfections among the traces in structure of small capacitance can cause a significant change in the circuit performance. For this reason, the sensitivity behavior of the circuit also improved due to the reduction of the circuit geometry. Hence, before shipping it to the customers every single IC is being thoroughly checked. This priority testing of ICs enhances the final quality of the product without affecting its brilliance. In addition, this quality check also ensures the excellence of the product and its design, during the key phase of the product development once put into practice. The detailed and long tests are being performed during the process of implementation of the ICs due to the small imperfection of the high sensitivity of mixed-signal circuits resulting in the high testing cost. Now researchers are looking forward to merge the testing process of both analog and the digital-circuit via analog signals to divert digital circuits or by utilizing digital signals for example, serial bit stream in order to divert the analog signals. The analog-test methods are not fully developed, therefore restricted access is suffered by mixed-signal specially; the shrinking dimensions with the high integration densities in the development of semi-conductor technology. On the other hand, the test systems related to the digital devices are well maintained and developed. However, the benefits are taken from the advancement and knowledge of digital-test by the analog and mixe d-signal test, because they are far away from the latest development regarding testing procedures. Another reason for the failure of the analog testing system is the deficiency of the implementation of a testing procedure for example, Standard Fault Model, however, approximately all the digital test methods rely on stuck-fault model thus, with the help of their fault reporting, the test generation algorithms are estimated. This model is simply accepted for the functional test as compared to the performance test, it is not accepted. The sources of complexity during the testing procedures of analog

Should women be allowed in combat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Marketing channel proposal for bank of America Essay

Marketing channel proposal for bank of America - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that marketing channels are important to a firm’s distribution objectives. The first is specialization and the second is contractual efficiency. The principle of specialization refers to the assignment of distribution tasks to firms that possess the necessary expertise. The paper presents the opening a 200 branch retail network embedded within the BS network. The marketing channel has two important parts: the physical distribution structure that moves a product from the manufacturer to the consumer or user and the consequent marketing structure that is established as a part of the channel of distribution to ensure the manufacturer that all marketing objectives are accomplished. The primary marketing objective of Bank of America is to profitably reach as many potential consumers of their products as soon as possible. The bank branch remains a viable and important delivery channel for retail banking customers and is the primary locatio n for new product sales. The Bank of America still expresses a need for the traditional bank branch. The advantages of a retail bank branch are security, branch business productivity and continuity, financial transactions, risk management, compliance with new regulations and preserving customer trust by building customer trust. Moreover, a bank branch can implement multiple sales promotions the whole year through sales contests and incentives; and special promotional deals (e.g., discounts offered during a specified period of time). Pull promotions are directed at end-use customers and are designed to encourage them to request a product from channel members such as wholesalers, retailers, or both. OPTION II. Utilising an internet only channel for its current account product. An internet only channel is an electronic marketing channel which enables clients to use banking and other financial services by employing various information technologies with no need for a direct contact with a bank clerk. This electronic banking is faster, better and cheaper.Bank of America can build a whole marketing strategy around high technology and quality. The issue of quality is a goal and a bond among all corporate functions. To exploit commitment opportunities, the bank can preempt its competitors. The business, however, has to be especially wary of environmental changes that can erode the value of its early investments. Size is beneficial only when there are compelling advantages to being large, such as economies of scale, scope, or experience. Advantages through preferred access to resources, information, or customers can give a business a sustainable advantage that is independent of Bank of America will inform their clients of the time schedule within which they can order individual services and the time of execution of orders for each individual state-of-the-art electronic marketing channel. Consequently, there will be trade-offs. Greater convenience increases security risks, and greater complexity reduces convenience. OPTION III. Adoption of the current MBNA model which focuses on the telephone as the core channel for its credit card, loans and insurance services. The challenge for banks is to create value and to retain control over their customers. Telephone service is crucial for banks. Telephone service enables wire transfers, automated clearing house transactions, automated teller machine transactions and inquiries, remote processing, and teller terminals located in branches but connected to an off-site host computer. It also fosters the numerous bank functions that rely on voice connections. However, the telephone as a core service and marketing channel for the bank suffers from specific weaknesses. One, when there is no electricity, there is no telephone service. Second, telephone outages which result from natural disasters can cut off bank transactions for a given period of time. In order to improve customer service, the bank can offer

Testing Analog and Mixed Signal Circuits With Built In Hardware Research Paper

Testing Analog and Mixed Signal Circuits With Built In Hardware - Research Paper Example Before beginning definite manufacturing of high-volume products, the testing, designing, assessment of the prototypes are important. Furthermore, the comprehensive inspection of the manufactured products must be done in order to ensure the availability of high quality and defect free product. Eventually the cost of the product can be minimized by providing the required information during the manufacturing process. The fabrication procedure of the integrated-circuit (IC) comprises doping steps, etching, printing and photolithography. The reason for the collapse of an individual integrated-circuit (IC) is the imperfect steps related to the fabrication process. Above all, the mixed-signal ICs are more responsive towards steps imperfections thus, resulting in low performance of circuits. However, these imperfections are insignificant in the digital - circuit domain but as compared to the mixed-signal circuits, imperfections among the traces in structure of small capacitance can cause a significant change in the circuit performance. For this reason, the sensitivity behavior of the circuit also improved due to the reduction of the circuit geometry. Hence, before shipping it to the customers every single IC is being thoroughly checked. This priority testing of ICs enhances the final quality of the product without affecting its brilliance. In addition, this quality check also ensures the excellence of the product and its design, during the key phase of the product development once put into practice. The detailed and long tests are being performed during the process of implementation of the ICs due to the small imperfection of the high sensitivity of mixed-signal circuits resulting in the high testing cost. Now researchers are looking forward to merge the testing process of both analog and the digital-circuit via analog signals to divert digital circuits or by utilizing digital signals for example, serial bit stream in order to divert the analog signals. The analog-test methods are not fully developed, therefore restricted access is suffered by mixed-signal specially; the shrinking dimensions with the high integration densities in the development of semi-conductor technology. On the other hand, the test systems related to the digital devices are well maintained and developed. However, the benefits are taken from the advancement and knowledge of digital-test by the analog and mixe d-signal test, because they are far away from the latest development regarding testing procedures. Another reason for the failure of the analog testing system is the deficiency of the implementation of a testing procedure for example, Standard Fault Model, however, approximately all the digital test methods rely on stuck-fault model thus, with the help of their fault reporting, the test generation algorithms are estimated. This model is simply accepted for the functional test as compared to the performance test, it is not accepted. The sources of complexity during the testing procedures of analog

Marketing channel proposal for bank of America Essay

Marketing channel proposal for bank of America - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that marketing channels are important to a firm’s distribution objectives. The first is specialization and the second is contractual efficiency. The principle of specialization refers to the assignment of distribution tasks to firms that possess the necessary expertise. The paper presents the opening a 200 branch retail network embedded within the BS network. The marketing channel has two important parts: the physical distribution structure that moves a product from the manufacturer to the consumer or user and the consequent marketing structure that is established as a part of the channel of distribution to ensure the manufacturer that all marketing objectives are accomplished. The primary marketing objective of Bank of America is to profitably reach as many potential consumers of their products as soon as possible. The bank branch remains a viable and important delivery channel for retail banking customers and is the primary locatio n for new product sales. The Bank of America still expresses a need for the traditional bank branch. The advantages of a retail bank branch are security, branch business productivity and continuity, financial transactions, risk management, compliance with new regulations and preserving customer trust by building customer trust. Moreover, a bank branch can implement multiple sales promotions the whole year through sales contests and incentives; and special promotional deals (e.g., discounts offered during a specified period of time). Pull promotions are directed at end-use customers and are designed to encourage them to request a product from channel members such as wholesalers, retailers, or both. OPTION II. Utilising an internet only channel for its current account product. An internet only channel is an electronic marketing channel which enables clients to use banking and other financial services by employing various information technologies with no need for a direct contact with a bank clerk. This electronic banking is faster, better and cheaper.Bank of America can build a whole marketing strategy around high technology and quality. The issue of quality is a goal and a bond among all corporate functions. To exploit commitment opportunities, the bank can preempt its competitors. The business, however, has to be especially wary of environmental changes that can erode the value of its early investments. Size is beneficial only when there are compelling advantages to being large, such as economies of scale, scope, or experience. Advantages through preferred access to resources, information, or customers can give a business a sustainable advantage that is independent of Bank of America will inform their clients of the time schedule within which they can order individual services and the time of execution of orders for each individual state-of-the-art electronic marketing channel. Consequently, there will be trade-offs. Greater convenience increases security risks, and greater complexity reduces convenience. OPTION III. Adoption of the current MBNA model which focuses on the telephone as the core channel for its credit card, loans and insurance services. The challenge for banks is to create value and to retain control over their customers. Telephone service is crucial for banks. Telephone service enables wire transfers, automated clearing house transactions, automated teller machine transactions and inquiries, remote processing, and teller terminals located in branches but connected to an off-site host computer. It also fosters the numerous bank functions that rely on voice connections. However, the telephone as a core service and marketing channel for the bank suffers from specific weaknesses. One, when there is no electricity, there is no telephone service. Second, telephone outages which result from natural disasters can cut off bank transactions for a given period of time. In order to improve customer service, the bank can offer

The Just Versus Unjust Essay Example for Free

The Just Versus Unjust Essay Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Sophocles were three men who tried to show the world that unjust laws hurt all of society, and all three tried what they thought would be the remedy to such injustice.   King even gave his life to the cause of overcoming unjust laws.   I feel that all of them made good points and should be remembered for their great works, but I think that Antigone by Sophocles is the most effective because she actually gives her life for the cause that she feels is unjust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the start of the play, Antigone states that she will die young. Leave me and my ill counsel to endure This dreadful doom. I shall not suffer aught So evil as a death dishonourable. (Sophocles Ll. 109-111) Antigone’s brother, Polynices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   , has been killed while at war with his brother for the controlling power of Thebes.   Creon, Antigone’s uncle and now the king of Thebes, has decreed that Polynices cannot have a burial, unlike his brother, Eteocles.   His body must lie out in the open where the birds and the elements take a toll on his remains, and anyone who tries to burry him will be stoned.   Antigone is distraught, not only because of her brother’s death, but by this dishonorable deed decree which is now law.   Therefore she knows from the start that she will receive the ultimate punishment for what she knows that she has to do.   As Antigone explained to her sister, Ismene, while trying to convince her that she should also help with the burial, she must answer to higher powers than the king.   This is much like Dr. Martin Luther King’s philosophy. But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I. compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid. (King)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antigone and King suffered from injustices bestowed on them by birth.   Antigone was the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta, who were not only man and wife, but mother and son.   She was cursed at birth for the atrocity of her parent’s sin.   King was born an African American during the time when prejudice was at the heart of the moral fiber in southern America.   They could not escape their trials.   Henry David Thoreau was born into privilege.   The few sufferings he endured were self imposed.   That does not mean that he was less of an honorable man.   He did choose to stand up for the injustice he saw in the laws of the land. He had never been a slave, and yet he went to jail because he refused to pay taxes to a government that would uphold the hideous institution of slavery.   Like Antigone, he made a conscious decision to break the law that he knew in his heart to be unjust.   If others pay the tax which is demanded of me, from a sympathy with the State, they do but what they have already done in their own case, or rather they abet injustice to a greater extent than the State requires. If they pay the tax from a mistaken interest in the individual taxed, to save his property, or prevent his going to jail, it is because they have not considered wisely how far they let their private feelings interfere with the public good. (Thoreau)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antigone, despite the order from her king, uncle, and future father-in-law, decides to give her brother an honorable burial even though her Ismene has declined to help her and to obey the law.   When it is discovered by Creon who the culprit of this crime is, she willingly admits to what she has done as do King and Thoreau when they are charged for their unjust crimes.   The major difference is that Antigone will face certain death.   She sees this as an act of love. There is no baseness in the act which shows our reverence for our kindred.(Ll. 564-5) King was martyred for his beliefs, however, he did not know with certainty that would be the outcome.  Ã‚   Thoreau knew that jail was inevitable, but death was never an issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creon, after a fight with his son, decides not to stone Antigone, but to entomb her alive so that she will suffer a slow death.   This sentence is unjust because she only buried her brother.   Creon does not see it as only a burial, but as a treasonous act because she has broken his law.   With all societies, the reason for the punishment of a crime is not for justice, but to make an example of the condemned and to strike fear in all who would seek to follow that same course. Antigone willingly takes her punishment.   She is adamant that her sister, Ismene, will not suffer the same fate as Creon has declared, not because she is concerned for Ismene’s well being, but she feels that Ismene does not deserve to die a martyr’s death since she did not help Antigone in the burial.   Creon decides to spare Ismene, and Antigone readily accepts her fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the soothsayer of Thebes, warns Creon of the wrath from the gods that he will bring down on Thebes, he refuses to listen, and instead curses the old man.   He truly does not want to hear that he might not be in the right.   Many times in today’s society leaders are the same way.   They would rather go down and take a country down with them than admit that they were wrong. Creon, out of fear, orders that Antigone be released.   The sentry return only to tell him that Antigone has killed herself by hanging and that Haemon was also in the tomb mourning her.   Creon goes to the tomb himself and finds Haemon wailing about Antigone’s death.   He strikes at his father, but misses.   Then he turns the sword on himself and takes his own life.   Eurydice, Creon’s wife and Haemon’s mother, hears of her son’s suicide and stabs herself.   Creon is then told of his wife’s suicide and her body is brought before him.   He is so grief stricken that he prays for death. Woe! woe! alas! I shudder in my fear: Will no one strike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1496 A deadly blow with sharp two-edgà ¨d sword? Fearful my fate, alas! And with a fearful woe full sore beset. (Ll. 1495-99) There are two major themes in Antigone as well as several minor ones.   One of the themes is that when an unjust law is permitted to exist, there are tragic results for all of the citizens of that society.   Many will pay the price for the atrocity.   Millions of slaves paid the price of slavery while thousands paid the ultimate price for civil rights in the nineteen sixties.   The other major theme is that it takes a brave soul to turn around the injustices of the law.   Antigone paid for the wrong done to her brother, but she also brought forth the sympathy of the citizens of Thebes. This gave them courage in the face of adversity.   Thoreau had only a few followers when he introduced the idea of civil disobedience but it has survived the test of time.   Since it was first published, numerous individuals and groups have looked to his teaching as an example of making their voice heard.   Of course King’s work brought the idea for civil rights for all people to the forefront.   The freedoms that all Americans hold dear today are possible in part because of his actions. Lead me, then, forth,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1524 vain shadow that I am, Who slew thee, O my son, unwittingly, And thee, too—(O my sorrow)—and I know not Which way to look. All near at hand is turned   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1528 Aside to evil; and upon my head There falls a doom far worse than I can bear.(Ll. 1524-30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All three men, Thoreau, King, and Sophocles left their mark on the world when it came to resistance to unjust laws of society.   Over time they have inspired many to do the same.   Sometimes these ideas have been met with success, and other times they have been unsuccessful.   However, when a life is lost for a cause, the results are eternal and it is hard for the martyr to be forgotten.   That is why Antigone is the most effective example as the response to the unjust law. Works Cited King, Martin Luther, Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail. April 16, 1963, Nobel Prizes. June 7, 2007, http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/MLK-jail.html Sophocles. Antigone. 1909-14. Bartleby Harvard Classics. June 7, 2007, http://www.bartleby.com/8/6/1.html Thoreau, Henry David. Civil Disobedience. 1849, The Art Bin Origo. June 7, 2007, http://art-bin.com/art/odisob.html

How Social Media Has Helped Transform Event Management Media Essay

How Social Media Has Helped Transform Event Management Media Essay Social media has changed the way information is communicated completely. The fact that people have adapted social media and prefer to use social media to communicate and get in touch with the world is proof of the fact that social media is here to stay. Social media has become very important for communication, marketing and a sales discipline as well. Event managers know from their experience that the most effective way of communicating, selling or marketing is face to face, but the reach of this is very limited as you cant meet and approach every potential customer. Other forms of marketing that are less personal had a wider reach but social media has made it possible for event managers to get in touch with as many people as they want. Face to face conversations allow a consumer to get engaged with the brand. Social media also allows people to share experiences about a brand and become advocates of it. There are at least 41.3 million people online in the UK alone and twitter users allover the world are estimated to be around 35mn. Social media is like amplified word of mouth. The word spreads fast and to a number of people at a time. It is something that event managers had been waiting for. Event managers can now build their event strategy after taking advise from their customers directly on what to include in the content, promote the event, share the experience with others and also evaluate how they event went. Now the events life has increased as the event is kept alive in the mind of the consumer through videos and pictures that are shared with many other people. This also increases the reach of the event. Event managers now have to embrace the reality and make the event available online. Event management often involves 5 phases, I will discuss each phase and how social media has helped transform it. Step 1. Planning Every event requires planning. Planning an event is an extremely lenghthy and tedious job, many softwares and guidelines are available to do this work. It involves getting people together to make an event a success. Deciding on the venue, the food, emergency plans, promotion, attendees etc. An event will only work out if these things have been planned in detail and the right people to perform the task are there. Some ways in which social media makes this phase easier are: Skype: Skype can be used to communicate with people who are miles away, it allows people to brainstorm and contribute unique ideas to make the event better. Â  PBworks:Â  this platform also makes it easier for people to contribute ideas add notes and organize the entire event. It is used by organizers all over because of its document sharing features which makes information exchange much faster and easier. Step 2. Organizing and inviting Once the planning part is done, the event manager has to make sure that everything is going as planned and that the people who have been delegated responsibility are also working. Time management is crucial at this stage, because of delay by one person to do his duty can have disastrous results. Also the planner needs to start inviting people, these include guests and attendees, you have to make sure that all the people who make the event a success are invited and are able to come to the event. For this purpose social media is available to keep information on the event organized and also to publish guest lists and speaker lists. Starting a blog is another great idea that event managers can make use up, these blogs are updated on a regular basis and keeps the attendants informed about how the preparation of an event is progressing. Facebook can also create an invite to an event, it allows people to respond to the invite as well. Step 3. Promotion and distribution Promotion is important whether its for a brand or an event, without it consumers or interested people can not be brought in. a number of promotional techniques are available but can be divided into below the line(ATL) and above the line (BTL) ATL deals with indirect ways of promotion where there is no individual contact between the buyer and the seller, these include print ads, TV ads, billboards etc. BTL is about direct interaction with the customer, may include activities and organizing of certain events to invite people to the product, consumer reach is limited compared to ATL but is much more effective. Social media can also be called an ATL approach but it has a much wider reach so is more effective. The event management needs to make sure that it is promoted through every channel possible. Potential attendees should be able to access information about the event and ask questions easily. Social media like twitter, youtube, facebook, orkut should be used. Social media should be considered a primary mode of advertising. Twitter and facebook should be used because they are meant to transfer messages. A facebook page is more effective than a facebook group because everytime the page is updated it appears in the newsfeed, allowing more people to view it. Facebook event is also an important way of letting people know about the event and also knowing how many people are likely to attend the event. Step 4. Meet expectations The manager should optimize the event to meet people requirements, because if the event does not make the attendees satisfied they are also capable of creating bad publicity for the company. High speed wireless should be made available so people can communicate with each other and converse easily with the guests and other attendees. Often even before the event starts the attendees start having dialogues with the speakers on the event and after the event that communication is continued. The attendees should be able to tweet in their questions in real time and also get answers, other attendees should also be able to answer those questions for the speakers. This makes the whole event much more interesting. There should be live conference available for people who are unable to attend the event. This allows people miles away to attend the conference and interact with every one around, the event manger should try and make it a holistic experience for such people also. Live streaming can also allow the event managers to reach out people who could not attend the event, later on some videos should be uploaded of the event, so that the lifecycle of the event is lengthened. The event manager also needs to listen to what the audience has to say. If they complain about any aspect of the event like the food or a particular speaker then the event manager should take action to improve the situation. Twitter conversation should be tracked properly and if not than surveys should be used to see what consumers have to say about the event. This makes consumers feel important as their opinion is being listened to and it helps managers align the event to the needs of the consumers ensuring that the event is a success. Step 5: communication after the event Post event communication is also important to make sure that the impression of the event is positive and lasts long especially if more events have to be held later on; If this impression is not a good one than consumers are less likely to attend the one in the future. After the event make sure your attendees know how to remain in touch through social media, emails should be exchanged to facilitate communication. Thank you notes should be sent along with updates and other information. Event management is as much about relation building as it is about organizing the event.

Women in the STEM Fields Essay -- Career Women Essays

In early American history, society believed that women did not have a place in education and high-level learning. They were told not to bother their brains with such advanced thinking. Middle and upper class women learned to read and write, but their education ended there. A woman’s place was said to be in the home, cooking, sewing, and taking care of the children. In the case of upper class women, their â€Å"to-do† list was cut even shorter with the servants present to do the work. However, women desired a higher education. Elizabeth Blackwell is a prime example of women’s fight for a medical degree, one of the first STEM environments available to women. In order to kick-start her education she wrote to all of the doctors that she knew, requesting advice and help. However, most of the doctors replied that they thought it impossible, that a woman would not be able to endure the rigors of a medical education, and that they feared the competition that women doctors would bring. Elizabeth persisted, finally making her way to Philadelphia, a city famous for its study in medicine, to stay with Dr. Elder, one of the few supporters of her education. Once here she continued writing letters and actually found many friends who agreed to support her cause, but unfortunately universities were not included in this list of friends. Elizabeth then pursued an education at the University of Geneva in New York where the Medical Faculty and students agreed to accept her. Wh ile at first the university cared about the press coverage that Elizabeth’s spot would bring, she eventually established her rightful place as a student there. Although she encountered some resentment among the wives of doctors and other people living in the small town, Elizabeth ... ...cLeer, Anne. â€Å"Practical Perfection? The Nanny Negotiates Gender, Class, and Family Contradictions in 1960s Popular Culture.† NWSA Journal 14.2 (2002): 80-83. JSTOR. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. Pollack, Eileen. â€Å"Why Are There Still So Few Women in Science?† The New York Times. The New York Times, 05 Oct. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. Rosch, Amelia. â€Å"WISP Increases Female Participation in the Sciences.† The Dartmouth. The Dartmouth, 07 Nov. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. Rupp, Leila J. â€Å"Eleanor Flexner’s â€Å"Century of Struggle†: Women’s History and the Women’s Movement.† NWSA Journal 4.2 (1992): 157-69. JSTOR. Web. 09 Feb. 2014. â€Å"Scientists Not Immune from Gender Bias, Yale Study Shows.† Yale News. Yale University, 24 Sept. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2014. Smith, Michelle R. â€Å"Giving Female Scientists Their Due.† Philly.com. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 17 Oct. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.

Miss California Essay :: essays research papers

The Miss California, USA Seminar At the Miss California, USA seminar we were directed in how to apply makeup the correct way for stage lighting and also we had a number of evening gowns modeled so that we could know what is acceptable. We also had numerous swimsuits modeled for us by other delegates who I will be competing with. The person in charge of the USA pageant organization is Carolee Munger from San Luis Obispo, CA. She taught us how to present ourselves in the presence of our judges and also how to reach for our highest goals. The seminar was eight and a half hours long. It included learning, speaking skills, self confidence, and personal rights as an individual. We also had the privilege of listening to a well known psychologist speak to us about pageantry and how important it is know yourself and the goals you would like to achieve in life. Questions such as, "Where do you see yourself in five years?" have definitely given a new thought to what I would like to do for the rest of my life. I learned how to act self confident even in situations where you don't feel comfortable. I also learned that knowing how to make a grand entrance instead of a grand exit will give you a special presence. Miss California, USA is someone who has a special presence everywhere she goes, whether it be the grocery store or a big event. She is also someone who is not afraid to be assertive in special situations. Being assertive without being aggressive is something we all must learn. To move up in the world you need to make each and every effort to better yourself everyday. Confidence is just the beginning, personality is what keeps someone going, and assertiveness is what makes them different from everyone else. Eddie taught us that we have personal rights to cry and be angry in a calm manner. As an individual we have the right to be ourselves and stand up for what we believe in. Without individuality we would have no diversity in our world. I also acknowledged the fact that diversity is what makes us who we are each and everyday. Although diversity is perceived by some as a problem, we are the people who create the problems amongst ourselves. Diversity is what gives Miss California, USA her name.