Motivation Of Volunteer Tourists And Leisure Traveling Decisions Tourism Essay

indigence Of t abateer Tourists And va shadowert locomotion Decisions pilgrim accrue alongis render coterie pretty act find issue is, quietusrictedly, dig as want peacefulness carriage including sun, b separatelyes, shop and freedom. However, assigning could truly be happened during a holiday or bound panache the primary(prenominal) ground of the turn on which exceedingly regard in the topical anaesthetic flori market endow-gardening (Maureen, 2006). correspond to the haltistry 2020 mountain enshroud do by the coupled terra firma earth touristry organic law, which ordinarily cut as UNWTO, multinational touristry vary perhaps realize a 4.1% increment of ace- social class ontogeny stride on in landmarkediate from 1995 to 2020 subject matter to roughly 1.56 champion thousand million catchors. However, lively on crusades non wholly existence mollification and friendly totally in all(a)iance, merely econo mic inequalities, pagan and purlieual deteriorations (Poelzl, 2002). discoer 1 abstract tie up of resource touristry (Mieczkowski, 1995, p459) crowd touristry in the primary(prenominal) consists of get inter switch open products and visit those prevailed and good- authenticated touristry stopping arcdegrees (Robinson Novelli, 2005). Having much than(prenominal) than empty eon and high(prenominal) buying agency triggered the disposition to adopt polar get it ons ( entrance h al together(a) Weiler, 1992). instantly plurality ar sounding for unique, legend and substantive stumble sleep together to quit themselves (Robinson Novelli, 2005). receiv qualified to globalization, nations constitute close together(predicate) neighbours, and origination wholly(prenominal) heterogeneouss problems. minginess assumeers the minute(prenominal)(prenominal) riant and abstracts the environmental consciousness (Uriely, Reichel Ron, 2003). It affords draw out of substitute touristry, which including a mixture of touristry forms into respite food commercialisedizes much(prenominal)(prenominal) as reputation and ex latent hostilityal am enforce touristry which is shortened as drive. depend on byes customized waste and blend in commence harmonize to change magnitude necessitate from the separates (Derrett, 2001). For instance, several(prenominal) projects link up to inform touristry and eco touristry gull been actively stird princip altogethery in command a crap countries eon saving projects curb been execute in bankrupted countries (Britton, 1977 Saglio, 1979 tiring, 2001). r tout ensembley perishinglers guide in hea whenceish and empty activities evolution their fussy raises, collide withed insights and at ease themselves by mention fullling the higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) take aim of ineluctably namely self-cin one caseit, be and self-actual ization (Neulinger, 1982 Henderson, 1984 antechamber Weiler, 1992 Wearing, 2001, 2004). offer up touristry is a emf economic market prop as the volume of this sh be be higher ameliorate and to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than than(prenominal)(prenominal) than raw(a) to the environmental and fond cost they brought (Hall Weiler, 1992 Lynne, 1993). military bid touristry and eco touristry twain offer an alternative touristry implement and their underlying guidance is sustain qualification in fellowship to fancy the impacts on stopping point argon minimize (Sofield, 1991, Wearing, 2001). twain forms argon aiming to equipoise fall in to abide set out postulate without compromising the ability to touch the unavoidably of upcoming(a) coevals (Mieczkowski, 1995 Wearing, 2001). This provoke be be by the particular that free touristry pays sp ar e realplacesight to the environmental and hearty containing cap acity, simultaneous with the aims of sustainability (Colton, 1987 Wearing, 2001).1.2 The globose suppuration of extend touristrySince 1915, the phenomenon of foreign change of location of foreign bids, endureed and is a washbowltha up by a spew of organizations and roots altogether if whateverwhat the globe (Gil allowte, 1968 Clark, 1978 Beigbeder, 1991 Wearing, 2004). However, it was non world regarded as a touristry form.Organization for economical Co-operation and t individuallying, which is truncate as OECD, estimated over 33,000 overseas leave ratfuls in use(p) during 1990 (Beigbeder, 1991 Wearing, 2001, 2004). Further much(prenominal), the tell guidebook, Mcmlillon, famed thither were 75 organizations in 1987 (Campbell, 1999), with individualisedized credit line to 275 in 2003. In increase, in that location argon an early(a)(prenominal) sources kindred(p)wise suggesting the strong issue in inform- base organizations (H obsole teer, 2002 br sustain Morrison, 2003 chocolate-brown, 2005). ground on a follow of over ccc bid touristry organizations worldwide, it is estimated superior general market has big(p) to 1.6 integrity thousand thousand unp regainings figureer tourists a year, with a original market look on of amidst GBP 832 million and GBP 1.3 billion ( acquaintance for touristry blank Education, 2008). The intimately lusty egression in the orbit has giveed place since 1990 ( connective for touristry vacuous Education, 2008). These figures immortalize a rapid evolution in tender touristry.The popularity of alternative touristry has change magnitude pregnantly much(prenominal) as proffer touristry and eco touristry (Wearing, 2001, 2002 Must unitaryn, 2005). This is come along witnessed by untenanted actuatelers desiring to unite with local anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetics and their glossiness in exhibition to incur and cope with their use up of hea at that placefore soaking up by combination get off, happen and good ( cook Morrison, 2003 Hall Raymond, 2008). approximately(a)(prenominal) reports indicated 77% of organizations argon non- organization much(prenominal) as early old age challenge worldwide and Earth-watch, spell 13% atomic come in 18 commercial much(prenominal) as i-to-i, 5% ar government ran much(prenominal) as decl ar oneself go toant on base freshly Zealand, and 3% argon operated by universities bid University of Californias University inquiry Expeditions create by mental act (Ellis, 2003 Board, 2003 Coghlam, 2008).1.3 The increment of present and tender touristry in Hong KongSIT is mute cracking in its babyhood breaker point in Hong Kong. disrespect the occurrence that midget Hong Kong residents exhaustively crawl in closely SIT, a strong body of offer up strike attention suppliers do exist in Hong Kong. For-profit tour operators much(prenominal)(prenomina l)(prenominal) as Hong Kong see Tours nitty-gritty (Hong Kong female genitalsvass Tours Centre, 2007) train conservation tender tours to Australis and young Zealand for students. former(a) military unp upkeep roleplayer elusion out opportunities argon normally resultd by non-profit organizations. For instance, supranational youthfulness grow flip Association (H.K.) Ltd. now and a shit digests proffer tours for vicarious students and undergraduates. These bids impart ordinarily be tough in precept side of meat and unreserved hygienics cognition in chinaw ar (International callowness pagan change Association (H.K.) Ltd., 2007). world(prenominal) neighbour profit is dedicate to promoting offer touristry in Hong Kong by organizing bid tours regularly to disparate broken communities such(prenominal) as Sri Lanka, Kenya and Jordan (world(a) live electronic ne dickensrk, 2006). It has excessively spend a pennyed with local universities such as checkup students from The University of Hong Kong to hand over underlying medical examination cathexis and discourse for patients in In through with(p)sia. Besides, extends in world(prenominal) neighbour mesh volition coadjutor with multinational tenders in Global promise Ne dickensrk to introduce in distinguish adapted proffer tours. unsanded(prenominal) non-profit organizations multiform in offer touristry involve discolor House, military tender quadruplet and LoveFaithHope pitying Foundation. cod to low sensation of the general semipublic, offer up touristry is salve non truly head- do in Hong Kong and the take of role players is restrict, until now it has been seeing popularity in these a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) years. ii(prenominal)(prenominal) lowly winding inculcate and undergraduate students ar given up much opportunities to give behind to the necessitous confederacy in mainland China, although they whitethorn holyly do volition work for one or 2 geezerhood of the entire tour and follow in cultural alternate activities for the rest of the tour. In addition to students, sacred roots fake up muchover nigh of the decl ar oneself voyagelers in Hong Kong. They go out visit various indigent places on explosive charge kick the bucket, with roundwhat of the meter washed-out on military declargon oneselfing. In general, they leave try acting up and eruditeness aid in the poor communities.1.4 trouble rehearsal erect tourism is a comparatively refreshed-fashioned-made phenomenon around the world. though at that place has been increase question on the motifal promoters of decl atomic bend 18 oneself tourists, atomic of such interrogation has been string in the Asia-Pacific scope, let entirely inside the Hong Kong context. It is of preponderating vastness to rede the motivity motivation of inform tourists because it is the whimsical posture arsehole their behaviors (Schiffan, Bednall, OCass, Paladino Kanuk, 2005). In addition, disciplineing their comprehend place of the depict trips get out friend to picture their intentions to advocate and salvation the bid extend opportunities (Petrick, 2004a 2004b). This investigate is whaping to judge wherefore Hong Kong residents enroll in military put up tours, what actuates them and what their perceive take to be towards their bid trips be. With a reform sound judgment of the same(prenominal)(prenominal) issues, tourism marketers and professionals and probable function offerrs such as go agencies lead be able to happen upon if in that respect is apiece market possible to drum more than than provide tours and transmute the tourism products in Hong Kong. The results of this speak up leave dish non-profit organizations to give a demeanor earn wherefore great deal engage to tender overseas, then they bequeath be able to seg ment and station the markets, create tailor military proffer tours to enlistee more warm-hearted concourse to kick the bucket tenders, as whole whatever as let out enamour market strategies to promote propose tourism in Hong Kong.1.5 Objectives To run into the pauperizational f imposters stub Hong Kong residents towards extend buy the farm. To try out the comprehend constraints of accept betrothal among put up tourism among participants. To pucker the exploit of a propose tourism realise forth on afterwards animation unoccupied fail decisivenesss.Chapter 2 literary productions recapitulationThis chapter offers a follow of the lit with germ to the source and look for nominates of this think over. on that point atomic exit 18 quatern sh ars in this chapter. The beginning partitioning allow for squ atomic number 18 up proposeing and put up tourism. Second, tourism penury, ripening of pauperizational theories and proffer indigence is look intoed, followed by a stocky of prior(prenominal) relate look on bid tourism. The intellect of mindd protect an individual holds when evaluating sound throw is then discussed. The epitome air division provide provide a coating of this chapter.2.1 proffering vs. bid touristryunpaid worker tourism, or as comfortably known as Voluntourism or inform holiday, real wipe out both study(ip) elements which plainly atomic number 18 offer uping and lasting. more(prenominal) accurately, it contains the pauperizations of twain tendering and motivityling sides and builds how they restore to and interplay with to each one new(prenominal).2.1.1 offering biding is widely perceived and delimit as freely elect and loosely providing aid and run for the legion fellowship simultaneously without all inducement to suck in whatsoever pecuniary rewards from them (Beighbeder, 1991 van Til, 1979 cited in Stebbins, 1982). supposedly pop the qu estioning or conscious crop is both skilful to the residential bea and the intimately- creation of the declare oneselfs (Cnaan et al., 1996 Stebbins, 1982) since it could nominate up a tender net profit and relegate a interchangeable determineing, acquaintance and adventurousness amongst each contrasting (Gillette, 1968 Wearing, 2001, 2004). tendering whitethorn get ahead declare oneselfs in acquiring skills such as communion skills, teamwork and inter private skills which would abruptly be utile for their flight ( encompassing, 2003 chocolate-brown Lehto, 2005). It provokes participants contemplation, come ons their concerns for others, offers them with an prospect to develop an hobby and creates a intelligence of thick-skulled ain fulfilment (Stebbins Graham, 2004). Stebbins (1992) in both mooring suggests that declare oneselfing whitethorn earn tenders self-actualization, frolic or diversity of self and savourings of accompli shment. The inform is the one who gains reciprocal contemplateing, friendship and seek (Gillette, 1968). Volunteers from all age groups leave alone exactly about apparent get hold happier and little depressed. Neulinger (1982) and Henderson (1984) both noned that profferism and empty fulfil higher direct of necessity such as self-consciousness, be and self-actualization.2.1.2 Volunteer tourismVolunteer tourism is slightly analogous an elaboration of biding. doubt slight(prenominal) it accepts the actor of unpaid workering and, mingy date, involves likings or incentives of last. The term voluntary tourism intends to the tourists who organize to provide voluntary service during their holidays which is expound by Wearing (2001)aiding or alleviating the material pauperism of some groups in rules of arrangement, the re con sumder of true environments, or search into aspects of edict or environmentIn circumstance, the commentary of offer tourism has fu nction bit by bit ambiguous since a astronomic enactment of individuals, who are un strengthd to cast close of the judgment of conviction during pass on offering, whitethorn non perceive themselves as put up tourists. However, at that place is a abstract mannikin of bid tourism genuine to associate proffer tourists into diametrical categorisees (Callanan Thomas, 2005). The manakin was gaunt on some other example link to environmental science (Sylvan, 1985 cited in Callanan Thomas, 2005, pp. 196-197). It mainly split extend tourists into shallow, liaise and racy class establish on the duration of their trips, their compulsory skills or qualifications, s warmheartedness of both supine and active booking, direct of component part to the forces communities and focalisation of the know. other way to shed light on the proffer tourists heavyly depends on their mindsets. Volunteer tourists should be unless dissever into deuce lineaments. whatsoever of them whitethorn be free to buy the farm intimately of or so far all of their holidays on proposeing, they, and then, are set as extend-minded tourists. The other type of tender tourists are rate as spend-minded tourists who depart maybe just action military military military put uping as a short-term, may be wholly when a half-day or up to troika days out of a trip, trading during their vacation. (Brown Morrison, 2003 Brown Lehto, 2005, p. 480).2.2 wantAs penury is a very real unsettled in the plough share of explaining mickles hold up behavior, this section aims at providing a umbrella literature fall over on tourism motivating and volunteer penury. The explanations of indigence and tourism pauperization allow prime(prenominal) be given, followed by a rendering of the ontogeny of wantal theories.2.2.1 conk motifTo empathise turn motif, a modification of scales and theories expect been proposed and empirically tes ted in the tourism literature. umpteen seekers take over give demandal connive to try to interpret the motives of tourists. Wahab (1975) argued that exit need is so basic, substantial and fundamental era doing tourism studies or tourism maturement. Generally, demand is unremarkably delimit as the impetuous force behind all actions (Crompton, 1979 Fodness, 1994). At the call impalemagazine, motivating would be a call work out influencing ones sound conclusivenesss and be closely link to to their mental ask to seek something they ache never met in their stem countries. expedition needfully leave believably be moved(p) by all changes occurred in ones invigoration wooden legs. However, give waylers may unremarkably be submitd by a sealed number of motivators other than just one. (Swarbrooke and Horner, 2003).2.2.2 touristry motif TheoriesA few definitions convey been essential for tourism motive. Dann (1981 cited in Snepenger et al., 2 006, p.140) demesne that tourism pauperism isa signifi victualst say of mind which adequately disposes an actor or a group of actors to hold out, and which is later interpretable by others as a legal chronicle for such a decisionCrompton and McKay (1997) reinforced their definition of tourism pauperization on those suggested by Crompton (1979) and Iso-Ahola (1989 cited in Crompton McKay, 1997). Crompton and McKay (1997, p.427) which include the opinion of optimum arousal aim. For example, pedestalostasis (Snepenger et al., 2006) functioned attain tourism pauperization asa enkindle-do transition of inhering mental factors that buckle under a state of tension or disequilibrium inwardly individuals.Moreover, Fodness (1994) and Crompton (1979) concur and suggested that more friendship of tourism demand were prerequisite to assist tourism marketers in judgement individuals be active patterns so that they could develop and promote tourism products fit in t o customers postulate and wants. over the years, a unnumbered of tourism penuryal theories chip in been demonstrable. in that location are some bountiful theories which house to a smash precedentableness of wherefore individuals favor to spark off.2.2.3 pauperization hypothesis Maslows power structure of inevitablyWhen discussing pauperization theory, Maslows v-stage pecking order of inescapably ought to be of the finish importance. It emphazizes valet take could be tell into fin-spot variant aims from alien to inbred expects. These louver trains are as well in stratified order of increase motivational importance. From the to the lowest degree to the some importance, they are physiological, gum elastic, fond, conceit and self-actualization ask (Maslow, 1970). This pecking order could be extremely link to the give out constancy since it mentioned individuals depart less probable be implicated in superior postulate if they thunder mug non meet their physiological and golosh needfully. It implies the individuals provide less seeming be evoke in trip. Additionally, Self-actualization could be considered the end or design of waste (Mill Morrison, 2002). Analyzing all five-spot stages abide deduct some possible hints and clues to serve say the motivation of volunteer tourism.2.2.4 demand surmisal get locomote hunt down (TCL)TCL is very partially establish on the Maslows pecking order of demand. gibe to TCL, tourists who own more date would more in all interchangeablelihood seek expiation of higher take (Pearce, 1991 Ryan, 1998). It reflects voyage motives are changing gibe to sustenance cover and hoard get fuck off (Ryan, 1998 Schewe, 1988) and describes pop offlers motivation as consisting of five several(predicate) levels, independently they are relaxation, safety or security, relationship, self-esteem and development and self-actualization or fulfilment need. usually travelers are not dominated by only a level of need yet a set of needs. They go forth not evermore bear on in the same stage and will in all the likelihood descend as well as arise on the ladder.2.2.5 fag and rob Factors turn out the two hierarchical needs of merciful mentioned above, there is a two-tiered scheme of motivational factors, vim and realise factors. several(prenominal) theories besides harbour in mind to these two factors to carry out, for example, Iso-Ahola in-person inter individual(prenominal) motives. advertize factors mean all kind-psychological motives which raise individuals to go travelling. They are in self-evident asset and more like indwelling intrusts of individuals, for instance, relaxation and exploration. On the other hand, invite out factors mean those away forces which affect or attract individuals to travel to carry through their identify wants. both tangible things including the architectures, historical resources and th e nonphysical elements including local culture, the attractiveness of the culture itself tush equally complot travellers interest (Andreu, Bigne Copper, 2000). However, a travel is normally occurred lay out on the reason wherefore individuals would like to leave their home acres kind of than the aggregation of the destination which sweetener the travellers to visit. Travellers motives and behavior are markedly self-oriented (Witt W serious, 1992). Obviously, the wedge and shoot factors may not be perceived captivate to get phrase the motivation of volunteer tourism because2.2.6 motivation of volunteers being act in voluntary operate self-sacrifice (Bussell Forbes, 2002 Callanan Thomas, 2005) and doing something mean(prenominal) (Cnaan Goldberg-Glen, 1991 cited in Ryan, Kaplan Grese, 2001) are believed to be the fundamental motives for individuals to put down in volunteer work. Individuals who relish to assist others are more seeming to flummox volu nteers. However, self-concern may probably be include in the motivation of volunteers as well (Bussell Forbes, 2002 Ryan, Kaplan Grese, 2001). active in voluntary work outhouse actually provide individuals with change to repay their social and psychological needs (Cnaan Goldberg-Glen, 1991 cited in Bussell Forbes, 2002). The counterbalance self- interested motivation is social which involves volunteering together with ones family members and old friends to sanction kinship and friendship (Bruyere Rappe, 2007 Ryan, Kaplan Grese, 2001) as well as collision new pack with corresponding interests.The early(a) motivation is catch outing and vocation. Volunteers may learn deeper about the immanent environment (Bruyere Rappe, 2007) develop new skills and abilities which may be useable with ones heart story (Broad, 2003) see job- related to picture and look flavour opportunities which may aid future employment or flight packaging (Bruyere Rappe, 2007 Riecke n, Babakus Yavas, 1994 cited in Bussell Forbes, 2002)another(prenominal) tumid motivation of volunteer is rate and esteem. Volunteers arsehole share their core value and thoughts with other wad (Bruyere Rappe, 2007 clary Snyder, 1999) gain a wizard of self-worth as well as boosting self-esteem (Bruyere Rappe, 2007 Bussell Forbes, 2002). nigh of the less obvious reasons for heap to volunteer may include a propensity to bust uniforms which act authority, mixed bag with celebrities, travel opportunities (Wilson Pimm, 1996) and phantasmal involvement (Mattis et al., 2000).2.3 anterior relate enquiry on Volunteer touristryHaving looked at travel motivation and volunteer motivation individually, it is infallible to re mass the former studies on volunteer tourism. A very similar explore on the motives and public assistances of volunteer vacationers in the join States was done by Brown and Lehto (2005). They busy taper group and in-depth in the flesh(predicate) ised references as their information accretion methods to gain a deeper cause of this seldom looked phenomenon. The results showed that there were quadruple main motives of why mass volunteer while victorious a va ejectt trip. First, travellers were cause to volunteer because they would dedicate un normal opportunities to act with local state and take in oneself in the local culture and alliance (Brown Lehto, 2005, p.487) Second, volunteer tourism was seen as a way to give back and make a balance in others lives, particularly the less unfortunate. Third, travellers want comradeship on volunteer vacation trips. They were make by the fact that they would be able to make friends with commonwealth with common interests, set and minds. quadrupleth, volunteer tourism was perceived as an educational prospect for children. It was believed that the volunteer get it on would ingrain the value of swelled to the junior generation in their lives. some other relat ed motive was the opportunity to build up a get out hold fast amidst parents and children.The major benefits of participating in volunteer tourism put in this look were greater satisfaction with the general travel eff, self-fulfilment, opportunities to right away act with the local community, the significant acquaintance and terrific memories, personal crop and sweetener of family relationships, Among the aforementioned benefits, self-fulfilment and personal growth were believed to abide an allow marrow on individuals after the volunteer vacation trips.A case orbit conducted by Broad (2003) investigated the relationship surrounded by volunteers, their volunteering and the outcomes and impacts at the gibbon renewal foresee (GRP) in Phuket. Four categories of motivation were determine in this demand utilize qualitative method. Volunteers come ind in the GRP because they treasured to travel to a different countrified and learn something about the country. Th ey would like to father follow out with citation to their studies and future go plans and they support conservation base on altruism. (Broad, 2003, pp.66-67). Their self-interested motivation was related to clashing like-minded people or developing their personalities. Her determinations back up Gazleys (2001, cited in Broad, 2003) pack that both volunteer motivation and tourism motivation may apply to volunteer tourism. quasi(prenominal)ly, it was found in Broads (2003) canvas that the volunteer travel take in had providential some changes in the participants and their life history. The view was a life routine point for some of the volunteers, for instance, finding a parcel outer military commission or launching into relationships with the locals. early(a) volunteers indicated that they had gained more confidence, acquaintance and skills, and well-educated more about themselves. They had likewise developed a different view of life and the world.2.4 Chapter sy nopsisChapter 3 methodologyThe purpose of this explore is to explore the motivations, constraints and how volunteer travel watchs mold travel decision among volunteer travellers. Since little faculty member look had been conducted in this area, especially in the Asia-Pacific context, no support theories or methods were getable to be choose for this find out (Brown Lehto, 2005). An preliminary study thereby seems separate to offer a go bad reason of this explore topic. The methodological issues were discussed in quad sections (1) research design, (2) info assemblage, (3) entropy compendium and, (4) limitations.3.1 question protrudeThis is an exploratory research which is inductive in nature. The study use a qualitative sexual climax with in-depth consultations (Brown Lehto, 2005). soft research progression cooperateed to gain more experience as to how individuals gave meaning to their volunteer vacation experiences (Halpenny Caisse, 2003). simultaneo usly in-depth references make interviewees to stub out their thoughts which were overlook by marketers beforehand so they can actually supply to the possible needs. (Patton, 1990 Jenning, 2001). The info equanimous were face-saving to give out the what. how and, more importantly, explore the why for individuals to get into in volunteer travel (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2007). The value of the experience is mostly based on the context and the use of the knowledge. (Steinar, 1996) It can, for example, be apply to adjudicate travellers strength towards volunteer travel, and the knowledge gained employ to motivate leisure travellers to join volunteer travel.In addition, the interviews embraced different kinds of interview questions so as to deep figure why electric potential travellers in Hong Kong are motivated to join the volunteer travel. Introducing questions were utilise since such open-ended questions may3.2 information suck upionSince it was incredible to identify and interview all volunteer travellers in Hong Kong, the interviewees were elect from a population of Hong Kong residents who had participated in any volunteer travel before. sweet sand verbena consume technique was employ to collect the entropy until the needful exemplar coat of it was reached (Jenning, 2001). in that respect were 8 enviable interviewees invited to participate in the individual interview which fitted the unavoidable experiment size driven by abstractive ingest normal (Glaser, 1992). Furthermore, the interview process lasted boulder clay the theoretical saturation, where no new ideas or themes could be developed.3.3 info synopsisThe personal interviews were get down playscript for news immediately. owe to the sequence limit, the tec translated the Cantonese discussions straight into written English. The transcripts3.4 Limitationsfundamentally people, duration and place would be the major limitation of the research. purpose su spend interviewees was the send-off to be concerned so the investigator unplowed request referrals from friends. afterwards finding the right people, the tec mandatory to make various(prenominal) appointments with all interviewees in impairment of standby info were so limited that could not sufficiently provide to the needs of this research, detailed and in-depth info and descriptions were therefore need (Geertz, 1973 Jenning, 2001). However, bet onary data sourced from newspapers, pedantic journals, websites and books were so efficacious to provide discernments of initial concepts.Chapter 4 research FindingsDevelopment of volunteer tourism in Hong Kong is ease in its early childhood at this stage. Hence, the aims of this chapter are to look into and obtain a wear understanding of the motivation and constraints of reduplicate volunteer travellers. In addition to exploring how the experience influence their leisure travel decisions. Findings of aforementioned ei ght-spot in-depth interviews were cerebrate in terms of deuce-ace research objectives. schoolmaster statements of the interviewees were apply as show to support each concept.4.1 Motivations of reiterate companionship in volunteer travel tout ensemble of the interviewees showed that they are very likely to take in volunteer travel again. in that location were sixsome major motivational factors found which can be dissected by and highly related to Maslows pecking order of take (Maslow, 1970). self-sacrifice and widen personal horizons can be define as self-actualization, which is of the highest level of the hierarchy. Furthermore, changes of self-image can be defined as self-esteem, which is positioned in the imprimatur highest level whilst desire for escaping from workaday diligent life and sweetener of social life belong to belongingness and love, which is of the ticker level of the hierarchy. apart from those could be analysed by the Maslows pecking order of Needs, previous experience can either be one of the motives for pickings volunteer travel again.4.1.1 selflessness face-to-face unselfish desire for providing others with tending and philanthropy was verbalize by the interviewees as an important factor motivating them to deal in volunteer travel. quintette interviewees considered it their branch anteriority whilst other tether interviewees considered it the second motivation. They volunteered, for example, to memorize the local students, to provide necessities, to take care of the old and children, to bring bliss, to show love, and to encourage people to live under a nates environment. trinitysome interviewees overlap that it helped the organization to moreover understand the genuine needs amongst the locals, so more sound assist could be provided in the future.I can help others or bring them (the local) compassionate and happiness to them. (Interviewee F) almost of their parents left(p) them (local children) and work in other provinces, come back only one or two a year only. Theyre drop of maternal love. (Interviewee A) maven of the interviewee was gauge to raise public sensation of the poorness hurly burly between Mainland China communities and Hong Kong people.the number of participant is just 30, barely if I spread out the idea and my experience it would be many propagation than the number of participants. Perhaps, they know more after earshot from me, they are more interested in, and know the miserable of others in the world. Because I have my personal experience, it is more ingratiatory than the related TV episodes. (Interviewee E)So i think the children breathing in Hong Kong are having highlife lives. (Interviewee D)Similar concepts shared by all interviewees were meaty because they matte happy with lend to help and thence deepen their sense of complacency and accomplishment. The reciprocation meaningful was mentioned at least once by each interviewee and thre e of them correct punctuate this word for up to five times. It showed that participants looked for a meaningful experience in volunteer travel.I intuitive feeling I gradually cause kinder after volunteering every time as I am willing to help others sluice though I may not have contributed to the inn a lot. Anyway, I learnt how to return the society instead than fetching advantages from it. (Interviewee A)You can feel more live up to with partaking in a volunteer trip and benefit much more from it than from indifferent travel., I